Moʻo pH/ORP/ION
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CS6514W-SE-S8 ʻElekoda ʻAmonia Naikokene (ʻAmoniuma Ion)
Nā kikoʻī:
ʻAno: Uila Koho Ion Membrane PVC
Pae Ana: 0.02 – 18000 mg/L
Pae Mahana: 0 – 50 °C
Ke Kū'ē i ke Kaomi: ʻAʻole Kū'ē i ke Kaomi
Mea ʻIke Mahana: ʻAʻohe
Hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka Electrode: Electrode Ana Hoʻokahi (Pono kahi electrode kuhikuhi kaʻawale no ka hoʻohana ʻana)
Mea Hale: PVC
Kaula Hoʻohui: PG13.5
Lōʻihi o ke kaula: 5 m a i ʻole ke ʻano maʻamau
Hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaula: Hoʻohui Pin, BNC, a i ʻole Custom -
W8288CA Paʻakikī (Calcium Ion) Monitor RS485 Ana
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu pūnaewele no ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hale hana mana, nā ʻoihana petrochemical, metallurgy, electronics, mining, papermaking, bio-fermentation engineering, pharmaceuticals, meaʻai a me ka mea inu hana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni no ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā pae ion i loko o nā hopena wai.
ʻO ka Hardness (Calcium Ion) Monitor kahi mea hana loiloi pūnaewele i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke ana mau ʻana o ka paʻakikī o ka wai i ka manawa maoli, ma o ka ʻike ʻana i ka nui o ka calcium ion (Ca²⁺). He mea hana koʻikoʻi ia i nā ʻoihana a me nā hale hana kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka maikaʻi o ka wai, me ka mālama ʻana i ka paila a me ka wai hoʻoluʻu i nā mea kanu mana, ka hana kemika, ka hana ʻana i nā mea inu, a me ka hoʻokele wai o ke kūlanakauhale. Ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻikepili koke, hiki iā ia ke kāohi mua i ka scaling, corrosion, a me ka pono o ke kaʻina hana. -
Ka Nānā Paʻakikī T6510CA (Calcium Ion)
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu pūnaewele no ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma o ka microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, nā ʻoihana petrochemical, metallurgy, electronics, mining, papermaking, bio-fermentation engineering, pharmaceuticals, meaʻai a me ka hana mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni no ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā pae ion i loko o nā hopena wai. -
Ka Nānā Paʻakikī T6010CA (Calcium Ion)
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu pūnaewele no ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma o ka microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, nā ʻoihana petrochemical, metallurgy, electronics, mining, papermaking, bio-fermentation engineering, pharmaceuticals, meaʻai a me ka hana mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni no ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā pae ion i loko o nā hopena wai. -
ʻO CS6511C-S8 Chloride Ion Electrode no ka Nānā ʻana i ka Wai
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
Ka Nānā ʻana i ka Paʻakikī (Calcium Ion) T4010CA no ka Ana ʻIke Wai ma ka Pūnaewele
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu pūnaewele no ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma o ka microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, nā ʻoihana petrochemical, metallurgy, electronics, mining, papermaking, bio-fermentation engineering, pharmaceuticals, meaʻai a me ka hana mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni no ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā pae ion i loko o nā hopena wai. -
ʻO CS6711C Chloride Ion Electrode no ka Nānā ʻana i ka Wai
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
ʻO ka Chloride Ion Electrode CS6511A no ka nānā ʻana i ka wai
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
ʻElekoda ʻIon Chloride CS6711A
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
Mea Nānā Chloride Ion Monitor Chlorine Meter W8588CL
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
Mea Nānā Chloride Ion Monitor Chlorine Meter W8088CL
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
Mea Nānā Ion Chloride Analyzer Ka Anakahi Uila Mau Koena Chlorine Meter W8288CL
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
ʻO ka T6510CL Chloride Ion Monitor Residual Chlorine Meter no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
ʻO ka T6010CL Chloride Ion Monitor Residual Chlorine Meter no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai
ʻO ka mea nānā ion pūnaewele ʻoihana he mea nānā a hoʻomalu i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ka pūnaewele me kahi microprocessor. Ua lako kēia mea hana me nā ʻano electrodes ion like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, petrochemicals, metallurgy electronics, mining, papermaking, biological fermentation engineering, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaiapuni. Hoʻomau ia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā waiwai ion o nā hopena wai.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei. -
ʻO ka monitor ion Chloride T4010CL no nā mea kanu mana OEM Customizable
He mea hana loiloi pūnaewele koʻikoʻi ʻo Chloride Ion Monitor i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke ana mau ʻana o ka nui o ka ion chloride (Cl⁻) i loko o nā hopena wai. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma ka hana mana, ka hana kemika, ka hana ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka mālama wai, a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni, hāʻawi ia i ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi no ka kaohi ʻana i ka pala, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lula.
Hoʻohana pinepine ka ʻōnaehana i kahi electrode ion-selective (ISE) a i ʻole kahi sensor chronopotentiometric holomua. Hoʻohana ka mana ISE i kahi membrane chloride-specific, pinepine i loaʻa ka chloride kālā a i ʻole nā ionophores koho ʻē aʻe, kahi e hana ai i kahi hiki ke kūlike i ka hana ion chloride. Hāʻawi ke ʻano chronopotentiometric i ka paʻa i hoʻonui ʻia i nā matrices paʻakikī ma o ka hoʻohou hou ʻana i ka ʻili electrode. Hoʻohui ʻia nā hoʻonohonoho ʻelua i loko o kahi mea kālailai automated e hana ana i nā ana manawa, calibration, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻikepili.
ʻO nā pono hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kaohi hana manawa maoli, ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā hanana haumia, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo lima ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. I loko o nā hale hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻoihana, pale ia i ka pōʻino palaho pipiʻi ma ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka wai hānai paila a me nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu. No nā noi kaiapuni, hahai ia i nā pae chloride i nā hoʻokuʻu wai ʻino a me nā kino wai kūlohelohe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Loaʻa i nā mea nānā chloride hou nā hoʻolālā sensor ikaika no nā ʻano ʻino, nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe automated e pale aku i ka haumia, a me nā interfaces kikohoʻe no ka hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kaohi mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ke mālama pono, hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a kākoʻo i nā hana hoʻokele wai hoʻomau ma o ka kaohi kemika pololei.