Nā huahana
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Ka Nānā Pūnaewele no ka ʻAkiona Olaola o ka Wai T9014W
Hōʻike ka Biological Toxicity Water Quality Online Monitor i kahi ala hoʻololi i ka loiloi palekana wai ma o ke ana mau ʻana i ka hopena ʻawahia i hoʻohui ʻia o nā mea haumia i nā meaola ola, ma mua o ka helu wale ʻana i nā ʻano kemika kikoʻī. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻōnaehana biomonitoring holoʻokoʻa no ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua ʻana i ka haumia ulia pōpilikia a i ʻole ka manaʻo i loko o nā kumu wai inu, nā mea hoʻouluulu/effluents o nā hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻole, nā hoʻokuʻu ʻoihana, a me nā kino wai e loaʻa ana. ʻIke ia i nā hopena synergistic o nā hui haumia paʻakikī—me nā metala kaumaha, nā pesticides, nā kemika ʻoihana, a me nā mea haumia e kū mai ana—a nā mea kālailai kemika maʻamau e nalo paha. Ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ana pololei a hana o ka hopena olaola o ka wai, lawelawe kēia mea nānā ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi koʻikoʻi no ka pale ʻana i ke olakino lehulehu a me nā ʻōnaehana wai. Hiki iā ia ke hiki i nā pono wai a me nā ʻoihana ke hoʻāla koke i nā pane—e like me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā kahe haumia, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau, a i ʻole ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā leka hoʻomaopopo lehulehu—ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena lab kuʻuna. Ke hoʻohui nui ʻia nei ka ʻōnaehana i loko o nā pūnaewele hoʻokele wai akamai, e hana ana i kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka pale wai kumu piha a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻokō hoʻoponopono i kahi au o nā pilikia haumia paʻakikī. -
Ka Nānā Pūnaewele no ka Wai Bacteria Coliform T9015W
ʻO ka Coliform Bacteria Water Quality Analyzer kahi mea hana automated holomua i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka ʻike wikiwiki ʻana a me ka helu ʻana o nā bacteria coliform, me Escherichia coli (E. coli), i loko o nā laʻana wai. Ma ke ʻano he mau meaola hōʻailona fecal koʻikoʻi, hōʻike ka bacteria coliform i ka haumia microbiological hiki mai ka ʻōpala kanaka a holoholona paha, e hoʻopilikia pololei ana i ka palekana olakino lehulehu i ka wai inu, nā wai leʻaleʻa, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai ʻino, a me ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai/mea inu. Pono nā ʻano hana kuʻuna e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu i 24-48 mau hola no nā hopena, e hana ana i nā lohi pane koʻikoʻi. Hāʻawi kēia mea kālailai i ka nānā ʻana kokoke i ka manawa maoli, e hiki ai ke hoʻokele pilikia proactive a me ka hōʻoia koke ʻana i ka hoʻokō kānāwai. Hāʻawi ka mea kālailai i nā pono hana koʻikoʻi, me ka hana ʻana i ka laʻana automated, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia haumia, a me nā paepae alarm hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia. Hōʻike ia i nā pōʻaiapuni hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī, ka hōʻoia calibration, a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻikepili piha. Ke kākoʻo nei i nā protocols kamaʻilio ʻoihana maʻamau (e laʻa, Modbus, 4-20mA), hoʻohui maikaʻi ia me ka mana o nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōnaehana SCADA no nā makaʻala koke a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano mōʻaukala. -
Mea Hana Nānā ʻAkomi Pūnaewele T9027 Urea Water Quality
Hoʻohana ka mea nānā urea pūnaewele i ka spectrophotometry no ka ʻike ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea hana no ka nānā ʻana i ka wai o ka loko ʻauʻau ma ka pūnaewele.
Hiki i kēia mea kālailai ke hana aunoa a hoʻomau me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka no ka manawa lōʻihi e pili ana i nā hoʻonohonoho ma ka pūnaewele, a pili nui ia no ka nānā ʻakomi pūnaewele o nā ʻōkuhi urea i loko o nā loko ʻauʻau. Hoʻohana pinepine kēia mea kālailai i nā ʻano enzymatic, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka enzyme urease, ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka hydrolysis o ka urea i loko o ka ammonia a me ke kalapona dioxide. A laila ua helu ʻia ka ammonia hopena ma o kahi ʻano ʻike lua, e like me kahi electrode gas-sensitive (no ka ʻike potentiometric) a i ʻole kahi hopena colorimetric (e laʻa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano polū indophenol, kahi e hana ai ka ammonia me ka hypochlorite a me ka phenol e hana i kahi hui polū e hiki ke ana ʻia e ka photometry). Hōʻoia kēia ʻano hana i ke kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike. Hoʻohui ka ʻōnaehana piha piha i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka laʻana pololei, ka dosing reagent, ka incubation reaction enzymatic, a me ka ʻike ʻana, e koi ana i ka hana lima liʻiliʻi. -
Mea Hana Nānā ʻAkomi Pūnaewele no ka Kūlana Wai Chlorine Koena T9024
Hoʻohana ka mea nānā pūnaewele chlorine koena i ke ʻano DPD maʻamau aupuni no ka ʻike ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea hana no ka nānā ʻana ma ka pūnaewele i ka wai hoʻoneoneo mai ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo. ʻO ka Residual Chlorine Water Quality Analyzer kahi mea hana pūnaewele koʻikoʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke ana mau a me ka manawa maoli o ka nui o ka chlorine koena i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka chlorine koena, nona ka chlorine manuahi (HOCI, OCl⁻) a me ka chlorine i hui pū ʻia (chloramines), he ʻano koʻikoʻi ia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka disinfection maikaʻi i nā pūnaewele hoʻolaha wai inu, nā loko ʻauʻau, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu ʻoihana, a me nā kaʻina hana disinfection wai hoʻoneoneo. He mea nui ka mālama ʻana i kahi pae chlorine koena kūpono no ka pale ʻana i ka ulu hou ʻana o nā microbial a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana olakino lehulehu, me ka pale ʻana i nā nui nui e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i nā huahana disinfection ʻino (DBPs) a i ʻole ka pala. -
Mea Hana Nānā ʻAkomi Pūnaewele T9023 Aniline Water Quality
ʻO ka Aniline Online Water Quality Auto-Analyzer kahi mea kālailai pūnaewele piha piha i kāohi ʻia e kahi ʻōnaehana PLC. He kūpono ia no ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli o nā ʻano wai like ʻole, me ka wai muliwai, ka wai o luna, a me ka wai hoʻoneoneo ʻoihana mai nā ʻoihana dye, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā kemika. Ma hope o ka kānana ʻana, hoʻopili ʻia ka laʻana i loko o kahi reactor kahi e wehe mua ʻia ai nā mea hoʻopilikia ma o ka decolorization a me ka masking. A laila hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pH o ka hopena e hoʻokō i ka acidity a i ʻole alkalinity kūpono, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi mea chromogenic kikoʻī e hana me ka aniline i loko o ka wai, e hana ana i kahi loli kala. Ana ʻia ka absorbance o ka huahana hopena, a helu ʻia ka nui o ka aniline i loko o ka laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiwai absorbance a me ka hoʻohālikelike calibration i mālama ʻia i loko o ka mea kālailai. -
Mea Hana Nānā ʻAkomi Pūnaewele T9022 Chloride Water Quality
Hoʻohana ka mea nānā pūnaewele chloride i ka spectrophotometry no ka ʻike ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea hana no ka nānā ʻana i ka wai o luna, ka wai honua, ka wai hoʻoneoneo ʻoihana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka Chloride Water Quality Monitor kahi mea loiloi pūnaewele koʻikoʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke ana mau a me ka manawa maoli o ka nui o ka ion chloride (Cl⁻) i loko o ka wai. ʻO Chloride kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka paʻakai o ka wai, ka haumia, a me ka corrosivity, e lilo ana i mea koʻikoʻi kona nānā ʻana ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole. I ka palekana o ka wai inu, hiki i nā pae chloride kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻono a hōʻike i ka haumia hiki. I nā noi ʻoihana—ʻoiai ka hana mana, ka hana kemika, a me ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea—ʻo ka nānā ʻana i ka chloride he mea nui loa ia no ka kaohi ʻana i ka corrosion i loko o nā ʻōnaehana paila, nā hale kiaʻi hoʻoluʻu, a me nā pipelines. Eia kekahi, hilinaʻi nā keʻena kaiapuni i ka ʻikepili chloride e hahai i ke komo ʻana o ka wai paʻakai, loiloi i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo, a nānā i ka hopena o nā paʻakai de-icing alanui i nā ʻōnaehana wai maʻemaʻe. -
Mea Hana Nānā ʻAkomi Pūnaewele no ka Nitrite Naikokene Wai T9017
Hoʻohana ka mea nānā pūnaewele nitrite nitrogen i ka spectrophotometry no ka ʻike ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea hana no ka nānā ʻana i ka wai o luna, ka wai honua, ka wai ʻino ʻoihana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka Nitrite Nitrogen Water Quality Online Analyzer kahi mea hana hoʻolaʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka nānā mau ʻana i ka nui o ka nitrite nitrogen (NO₂⁻-N) i loko o ka wai. Ma ke ʻano he mea waena koʻikoʻi i loko o ke kaʻina hana nitrogen, lawelawe ka nitrite ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o nā kaʻina hana nitrification/denitrification piha ʻole, ka hana microbial, a me ka haumia wai. ʻO kona alo, ʻoiai ma nā ʻano haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hōʻailona i nā kaulike ʻole o ka hana ma nā hale hana mālama wai ʻino, hoʻoweliweli i nā mea ʻawaʻawa i ke ola wai, a hōʻike i nā hopohopo olakino i ka wai inu ma muli o kona hiki ke hana i nā nitrosamines carcinogenic. No laila, he mea nui ka nānā pono ʻana i ka nitrite no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pono o ka mālama ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i nā lula, a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni ma waena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino o ke kūlanakauhale, ka aquaculture, ka nānā ʻana i ka wai o luna, a me nā noi palekana wai inu. -
Ka Nānā Kūlana Wai Orthophosphate Pūnaewele T9013Z
Nā Pōʻino Phosphorus i ke Ola Kai He ʻano koʻikoʻi ka hapa nui o nā meaola kai i nā pesticides organophosphorus. ʻO nā hui ʻana i hana ʻole i ka hopena i nā pepeke kūʻē i ka pesticide hiki ke lilo koke i mea make i ke ola kai. Loaʻa i ke kino kanaka kahi enzyme neurotransmitter koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo acetylcholinesterase. Hana nui ka mea hana ma ke kumumanaʻo colorimetric i hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia, e hoʻohana pinepine ana i ke ʻano ascorbic acid (ma muli o nā ʻano hana maʻamau 4500-P). Huki pinepine ka ʻōnaehana automated i kahi hāpana wai, kānana iā ia e wehe i nā particulates, a kāwili iā ia me nā reagents kikoʻī. Hana kēia mau reagents me nā ions orthophosphate e hana i kahi hui phosphomolybdenum polū. A laila ana kahi mea ʻike photometric i hoʻohui ʻia i ka ikaika o kēia kala, kahi e kūlike pololei ana i ka nui o ka orthophosphate i loko o ka hāpana. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano hana no kona ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me ke koho ʻana. -
Mea Hana Nānā Wai Nitrate Nitrogen Pūnaewele T9016
Hoʻohana ka mea nānā pūnaewele nitrate nitrogen i ka spectrophotometry no ka ʻike ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea hana no ka nānā ʻana i ka wai o luna, ka wai honua, ka wai ʻino ʻoihana, a pēlā aku. Hiki i kēia mea kālailai ke hana aunoa a hoʻomau me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka no ka manawa lōʻihi e pili ana i nā hoʻonohonoho ma ka pūnaewele. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana mai nā kumu haumia a me ka wai ʻino o ke kaʻina hana ʻoihana, a pēlā aku. Wahi a ka paʻakikī o nā kūlana hoʻāʻo ma ka pūnaewele, hiki ke koho ʻia nā ʻōnaehana mālama mua e pili ana e hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi o ke kaʻina hoʻāʻo a me ka pololei o nā hopena hoʻāʻo, e hoʻokō piha ana i nā pono ma ka pūnaewele o nā hanana like ʻole. -
Ka Nānā Kūlana Wai Zinc Hana Lima Pūnaewele ʻakomi T9010Zn
ʻO nā ʻoihana e like me ka electroplating, ka hana kemika, ka hoʻoluʻu lole, ka hana ʻana i nā pila, a me ka hana metala e hoʻopuka i ka wai hoʻoneoneo me ka zinc. He mea ʻino ka zinc nui i ke olakino kanaka a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka carcinogenic. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo i haumia i ka zinc no ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka mahiʻai e hoʻopilikia nui i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, ʻoiai ka palaoa. Hoʻopau ka zinc nui i nā enzymes i loko o ka lepo, hoʻonāwaliwali i nā hana olaola microbial, a ma ka hopena e hoʻopilikia i ke olakino kanaka ma o ke kaulahao meaʻai. -
Ka Nānā Kūlana Wai Manganese ʻakomi T9010Mn ma ka Pūnaewele
ʻO ka manganese kekahi o nā metala kaumaha maʻamau i loko o nā kino wai, a ʻo kona nui nui hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i nā kaiapuni wai a me nā kaiaolaola. ʻAʻole wale ka manganese nui e hoʻopōʻeleʻele i ke kala o ka wai a hoʻopuka i nā ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole akā hoʻopilikia pū kekahi i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hānau hou ʻana o nā meaola wai. Hiki iā ia ke laha ma o ke kaulahao meaʻai, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke olakino kanaka. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka nānā pono ʻana i ka nui o ka manganese i ka wai i ka manawa maoli. -
ʻO ka T9010Cu Pūnaewele Nānā Wai Keleawe-ʻakomi
He metala nui ka keleawe i hoʻohana nui ʻia a koʻikoʻi hoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano he nui, e like me nā mea hoʻohuihui, nā mea hoʻoluʻu, nā paipu, a me nā uwea. Hiki i nā paʻakai keleawe ke kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka plankton a i ʻole ka algae i loko o ka wai. I loko o ka wai inu, ʻo ka nui o nā ion keleawe ma mua o 1 mg/L e hana i kahi ʻono ʻawaʻawa. Hiki i kēia mea kālailai ke hana mau a mālama ʻole ʻia no nā manawa lōʻihi e pili ana i nā hoʻonohonoho ma ka pūnaewele. Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo mai nā kumu haumia ʻoihana, nā wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻoihana, nā hale hana mālama wai ʻino ʻoihana, a me nā hale hana mālama wai ʻino o ke kūlanakauhale. -
Nānā ʻakomi pūnaewele no ka maikaʻi o ka wai nikala T9010Ni
He metala keʻokeʻo-kālā ka nikela me kahi ʻano paʻakikī a palupalu. Noho paʻa ia i ka lewa ma ka mahana o ka lumi a he mea hana ʻole ia. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ka nikela me ka waikawa nitric, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lohi o kāna hopena me ka hydrochloric dilute a i ʻole ka sulfuric acid. Loaʻa maoli ka nikela i nā ʻano ores like ʻole, i hui pinepine ʻia me ka sulfur, arsenic, a i ʻole antimony, a ua loaʻa mua ia mai nā minelala e like me chalcopyrite a me pentlandite. ʻO nā hana hana piha piha e pili ana i ka laʻana manawa, ka hoʻohui reagent, ke ana ʻana, ka calibration, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻikepili. ʻO nā pono nui o ka mea kālailai e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻole ʻia 24/7, ka ʻike koke ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa kukū, a me ka ʻikepili hilinaʻi lōʻihi no ka mālama ʻana i nā lula. Hoʻolako ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona holomua me nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī, ka ʻike hewa aunoa, a me nā hiki ke kamaʻilio mamao (ke kākoʻo nei i nā protocols e like me Modbus, 4-20 mA, a i ʻole Ethernet). Hiki i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ke hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana mana waena no nā alarms manawa maoli a me ka kaohi dosing kemika automated. -
Mea Loiloi Pūnaewele no ka Wai Fluoride T9006
Hoʻohana ka mea nānā pūnaewele fluoride i ke ʻano hana maʻamau aupuni no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka fluoride i loko o ka wai—ʻo ke ʻano spectrophotometric reagent fluoride. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea hana no ka nānā ʻana i ka wai ʻili, ka wai honua, a me ka wai hoʻoneoneo ʻoihana, me ka nānā nui ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ka inu ʻana, ka ʻili, a me ka wai honua ma nā wahi me ka nui o nā caries niho a me ka fluorosis skeletal. Hiki i ka mea kālailai ke hana aunoa a hoʻomau me ka ʻole o ka hana lima lōʻihi e pili ana i nā hoʻonohonoho kahua. -
Ka Nānā ʻakomi Pūnaewele no ka Wai Phenol Volatile T9005
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Phenols i nā phenols volatile a me nā phenols non-volatile ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka mahu. ʻO ka maʻamau, pili nā phenols volatile i nā monophenols me nā kiko paila ma lalo o 230°C. Loaʻa nā Phenols mai ka wai hoʻoneoneo i hana ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, ka holoi kinoea, ka coking, ka hana pepa, ka hana ammonia synthetic, ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau, a me nā ʻoihana kemika. He mau mea ʻawahia loa nā Phenols, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he mau mea make protoplasmic.